Steiner introduced his color circle, which is a modification of Goethe's circle, in two lectures given 1921 to artists at the Goetheanum.
(see: GA 291 lectures from 6th and 7th May 1921).
In one way we could consider his developments on the matter as a synthesis of Goethe and Runge. He said: we can consider the 3 primary colors red/yellow/blue as the dynamic "willing" ones and call them "luster colors". There is but also 4 other colors related to the circle, which are not so dynamic, more quiet and passive. He called them the "image colors" and meant Green/ Black/ White/ Peach blossom. The painting practice shows us these 4 colors as being non-transparent! So if we follow Steiner's differentiation, it brings us in the neighborhood of Runge. Steiner's point of view respects Runge's problem on transparency but doesn't adopt his 3-dimentional conception of a "color ball".